In the rabbit model, disorders observed involving NR4A1 expression include testicular dysgenesis, and cryptorchidism.
2.
Of the abnormal conditions associated with micropenis, most are conditions of reduced prenatal androgen production or effect, such as abnormal testicular development ( testicular dysgenesis ), Klinefelter syndrome, Leydig cell hypoplasia ), specific defects of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone synthesis ( 17, 20-lyase deficiency, growth-hormone deficiency or congenital hypopituitarism.